Udon Thani Rajabhat University; Burapha University; Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University; Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University; University of the Philippines System; University of the Philippines Los Banos; University of the Philippines Open University; National Science & Technology Development Agency - Thailand; National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC); Mapua University; Mahasarakham University
Type
Article
Source Title
SUSTAINABILITY
Year
2022
Volume
14
Issue
18
Open Access
gold
Publisher
MDPI
DOI
10.3390/su141811756
Format
PDF
Abstract
Bone materials are mainly composed of an inorganic constituent called hydroxyapatite (HA). In the current study, mesoporous Zn2+/Ag+ doped hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (Zn-Ag doped HA) with high antibacterial activity were synthesized through ultrasonic coupled sol-gel techniques under calcination temperatures of 600 degrees C for 4 h and 1100 degrees C for 1 h. The variance in the molar ratio of Zn2+/Ag+ in Ca9.0Zn1.0-xAgx(PO4)(6)(OH)(2) (x = 0.0, 0.25 to 1.0) and its effects on the chemical and physical properties of the powdered samples were investigated. The results show that the hexagonal framework of HA incorporated both the Zn2+ and Ag+ ions and the rhombohedral structure of beta-TCP. The main functional groups of HA and Zn-Ag doped HA samples were hydroxyl and phosphate. All samples have mesoporous characteristics with a Type IV isotherm. The agar well diffusion process was used to examine antibacterial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, B. cereus and B. subtilis. Effective antibacterial activity was displayed by Zn-Ag doped HA. Excellent antibacterial performance was shown by Ca9.0Zn0.75Ag0.25(PO4)(6)(OH)(2) against all tested bacterial strains, except P. aeruginosa. This material showed inhibition zones ranging from 7 to 11 mm, implying that it is a suitable material with an antibacterial action for environmental applications, specifically for water purification.
