Variable-Sized Green Mussel Shell Waste: Potential Use in Artificial Sand Production

Abstract

This article presents an innovative approach as a potential alternative for the reuse of discarded green mussel shells from the fishing and food sectors. This technique entails the use of harmless chemicals and the consumption of energy in an efficient manner to generate shell powder of different dimensions. The shell powder was categorized into three distinct sizes to investigate changes after heat treatment. SEM-EDS was used to analyze particle sizes before calcination and examine the microstructure of heated shell powder. FTIR spectroscopy was conducted to assess the purity of all sizes before and after calcination, showing excellent cleanliness suitable for practical applications. XRD spectroscopy was used to examine the crystal structure, while thermal characteristics and surface color changes during heat treatment were also analyzed due to their impact on final product quality. The variety in particle size enhances the potential for diverse industrial applications. Each size may be suitable for different artificial sand uses, as noted in the conclusion. The proposed method provides both environmental and economic advantages by converting shell waste into a sustainable substitute for artificial sand. It utilizes low-cost, readily available materials and aligns with circular economy principles by reducing shell waste accumulation and dependence on natural aggregates. © 2025 by the authors.