National Nanotechnology Center, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand Science ParkPathum Thani 12120, Thailand; School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University AvenueNakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Liberal Arts, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, 744, Suranarai Rd., Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University AvenueNakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand; Division of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
Type
Article
Source Title
Biosensors
ISSN
20796374
Year
2021
Volume
11
Issue
1
Open Access
Gold, Green
Publisher
NLM (Medline)
DOI
10.3390/bios11010016
Abstract
Biofuel cells allow for constructing sensors that leverage the specificity of enzymes without the need for an external power source. In this work, we design a self-powered glucose sensor based on a biofuel cell. The redox enzymes glucose dehydrogenase (NAD-GDH), glucose oxidase (GOx), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were immobilized as biocatalysts on the electrodes, which were previously engineered using carbon nanostructures, including multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Additional polymers were also introduced to improve biocatalyst immobilization. The reported design offers three main advantages: (i) by using glucose as the substrate for the both anode and cathode, a more compact and robust design is enabled, (ii) the system operates under air-saturating conditions, with no need for gas purge, and (iii) the combination of carbon nanostructures and a multi-enzyme cascade maximizes the sensitivity of the biosensor. Our design allows the reliable detection of glucose in the range of 0.1-7.0 mM, which is perfectly suited for common biofluids and industrial food samples.
