Canopy Structure and Photosynthetic Performance of Irrigated Cassava Genotypes Growing in Different Seasons in a Tropical Savanna Climate

Abstract

Growth and photosynthesis performance of cassava during early vegetative growth are important determinants of final biomass. The objective of this work was to investigate canopy structure and photosynthesis performance of four cassava genotypes (Rayong 9, Rayong 11, Kasetsart 50, and CMR38-125-77) growing under irrigation at 3 and 6 months after planting (3MAP and 6MAP). Data for the 3MAP plants were collected from cassava planted on 30 June (Rainy PD), 10 November (Cool PD1), and 15 December (Cool PD2) 2015; and for the 6MAP from those planted on 20 April 2015 (Hot PD), Rainy PD, and Cool PD1. The plants growing in the rainy season had significantly higher leaf area index (LAI) than those growing in the cool and hot seasons. Consequently, they had lower percentage light penetration at the bottom of canopy, and therefore more light interception through the canopy, and hence a higher mean net photosynthesis rate (Pn) across the six canopy levels. At the 3MAP, which is the stage of maximum rate of leaf and stem growth, the Rainy PD and Cool PD2 plants of CMR38-125-77 showed the highest LAI and highest mean Pn. Similarly, the Cool PD1 plants of Kasetsart 50 showed the highest LAI and highest mean Pn. In contrast, at 6MAP during the stage of active starch accumulation in storage roots, the genotypes with the highest mean Pn were the ones having an intermediate (CMR38-125-77 for the Hot PD) or low LAI (Rayong 9 for the Rainy PD, and CMR38-125-77 for the Cool PD1). Data on variations in canopy structure and photosynthesis potentials of different cassava genotypes in response to seasonal variations may be useful for crop growth modeling and may be employed as a criterion for the selection of suitable genotypes for each growing season.