In collaboration with the Department of Marine and Coastal Resources (Thailand), we aim to study genetic diversity of true mangrove species (Rhizophora mucronate, R. apiculata, Bruguiera parviflora, B. sexangular, B. cylindrica, B. gymnorhiza, B. hainesii, Ceriops tagal, C. decandra, C. zippeliana<\/em>, Sonneratia<\/em> species and Avicennia<\/em> species).\u00a0 We have constructed reference genomes of species, performed RNA-seq for genome annotation, transcript splicing, gene expression analysis and studied population genetics of these species.\u00a0 The knowledge on plant genomes, evolutionary history, function of genes in the adaptation to extreme environments and genetic diversity will be useful information in conservation and setting up of the first mangrove botanical garden in Thailand.<\/p>\n Recently, we published the B. parviflora<\/em> genome revealing that B. parviflora<\/em> and B. gymnorhiza<\/em> shared a common ancestor at 24 MYA. The whole genome duplication event occurred in Bruguiera<\/em> species and Rhizophora <\/em>species at 72 MYA, which predated the divergence of Rhizophoreae mangroves (49 MYA).\u00a0 Based on 1740 SNP loci, the population structure of B. parviflora<\/em> could be grouped into 2 subpopulaitons: the Andaman coast and the Gulf of Thailand. The genetic diversity of the Andaman subpopulation was high; but very low in the gulf of Thailand subpopulation. The B. parviflora<\/em> genome was used to help scaffold the genomes of B. sexangular<\/em>, B. cylindrica, B. gymnorhiza<\/em> and B. hainesii<\/em>. \u00a0The B. hainesii<\/em> genome revealed the presence of both B. cylindrica<\/em> and B. gymnorhiza<\/em> genomes demonstrating the genetic hybridization of the two species in B. hainessii<\/em>.\u00a0 And the study of organellar genome sequences of Bruguiera<\/em> species revealed that B. hainesii<\/em> inherited organelles from B. cylindrica<\/em>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n